William Gibson

Vilijam Ford Gibson je pisac naučne fantastike rođen u Konveju (Južna Karolina,Sjedinjene Američke Države) 17. marta 1948. godine. Smatra se "ocem" kiber-panka(engl. cyberpunk), podžanra naučne fantastike koji je doživeo procvat tokom osamdesetih godina 20. veka. Takođe se smatra da je stvorio pojam kiberspejs ili kiberspejs ili kiber-prostor (engl. cyberspace), koji je kasnije, zajedno sa njegovim hit romanomNeuromanser, poslužio kao inspiracija za mnoge naučnofantastične filmove. Gibson od1972. godine živi u Vankuveru sa ženom i dvoje dece.

Biografija[uredi - уреди]

Gibson je proveo detinjstvo kao jedini sin građevinskog preduzimača radova koji je bio zadužen za izgradnju Ouk Ridža, fabrike koja je proizvela prvu atomsku bombu. Posle misteriozne smrti oca živeo je s majkom, da bi sa 19 godina napustio SAD i otišao uKanadu kako bi izbegao regrutaciju za predstojeći rat u Vijetnamu. Počeo je da piše naučnu fantastiku još za vreme studija na Univerzitetu Britanske Kolumbije gde je diplomirao englesku literaturu. Njegove prve kratke priče bile su usko vezane zakibernetiku i međuodnos čoveka i mašine. Priče su uglavnom objavljivane po američkim naučnofantastičnim časopisima, da bi kasnije bile objedinjene u zbirci "Kako smo popalili Hromu" (Burning Chrome). Kultne priče Džoni Mnemonik (po kojoj je snimljen i istoimeni film, sa Kijanuom Rivsom u glavnoj ulozi), "HotelNova ruža" (New Rose Hotel) i "Kako smo popalili Hromu" su pravi primeri Gibsonovog viđenja budućnosti.

Uticaj prvobitnog Gibsonovog stvaralaštva se dobrim delom odrazio na njegov prvi roman, Neuromanser (1984). U svom prvencu Gibson je objedinio motive koje je koristio u dotadašnjim pričama - matrica iz priče "Kako smo popalili Hromu", Moli Milions koja je jedna od glavih aktera u Džoni Mnemoniku, itd. Neuromanser je pomerio već uspostavljene granice dotadašnje naučne fantastike jer je u potpunosti odstupio od opšteg šablona u koji se uklapala većina literarnih radova tog doba. U Neuromanseru nema slavne budućnosti čovečanstva, putovanja kroz svemir nadsvetlosnim brzinama niti bliskog susreta sa vanzemaljskim rasama. Gibsonova vizija budućnosti je mračna distopija u kojoj pravu vlast imaju međunacionalne korporacije, a granice - kako geografske, tako i kulturološke - se polako gube.Neuromanser je prvi roman koji je dobio sve tri velike nagrade za naučnu fantastiku - Nebula, Hugo i Memorijalnu nagradu Filipa K. Dika.

Neuromanser, zajedno sa sledeće dve Gibsonove knjige, Grof Nula (1986) i Monalizin natpogon (1988), sačinjava takozvanu trilogiju o širenju (engl. sprawl trilogy, misli se na širenje gradova). Sledeće tri knjige sačinjavaju tzv. trilogiju o mostu (engl. bridge trilogy): Virtuelna svetlost (Virtual Light, 1993), Idoru (Idoru, 1996) i Sve zabave sutrašnjice (All Tomorrow's Parties, 1999). U pauzi između ove dve trilogije, Gibson je napisao roman The Difference Engine (1990) u tandemu sa Brusom Sterlingom.

Poslednji izdat Gibsonov roman je Prepoznavanje obrazaca (2003). U njemu se pisac malo udaljio od mračne budućnosti i vratio nas u sadašnjost, prožetu marketingom, globalnim umrežavanjem i pratećim fenomenima.

Njegov sledeći roman nosi naslov Spook Country i planirano je da se pojavi u prodaji u 7. avgusta 2007. godine. Gibson je završio pisanje ovog romana još u oktobru 2006.

Odabrana bibliografija[uredi - уреди]

Glavni članak: Djela Williama Gibsona

Novels Trilogija Sprawl: Neuromancer (1984) Count Zero (1986) Mona Lisa Overdrive (1988) The Difference Engine (1990; ko-autor Bruce Sterling) Trilogija Bridge: Virtual Light (1993) Idoru (1996) All Tomorrow's Parties (1999) Pattern Recognition (2003) Spook Country (2007) Publicistika Agrippa (A Book of the Dead) (1992)&nsbp;– umjetnička knjiga  Ime Vi­li­ja­ma Gib­so­na (1948) ne­ras­ki­di­vo je ve­za­no za još uvek po­sled­nju - iako staru već tri decenije - ve­li­ku „re­vo­lu­ci­ju“ u dinamičnoj istoriji na­uč­ne fantasti­ke: po­ja­vu kiberpanka, sa­svim spe­ci­fič­nog sa­gle­da­va­nja bu­duć­no­sti ko­ja pod­ra­zu­me­va po­sto­ja­nje dve real­no­sti, fi­zič­ke i vir­tu­el­ne (koja se rađa, funkcioniše i širi u sa­dej­stvu kompju­ter­skih Mre­ža), global­nu pre­vlast multinaci­o­nal­nih kom­pa­ni­ja i neo­li­be­ral­nog kapitalizma, Ze­mlju na rubu popu­la­ci­o­nog, urbano-eko­lo­škog i ener­get­skog ko­lap­sa. U tom sve­tu za svo­je me­sto pod suncem bo­re se mali kri­mi­nal­ci, mar­gi­nal­ci, ki­ber-ka­u­bo­ji (lopovi/pla­će­ni­ci ko­ji operi­šu možda­nim vezama pri­klju­če­ni na Mre­žu) i mno­štvo besprizorni­ka. Tvo­rac pokreta i pr­vi me­đu ki­ber­pan­ke­ri­ma bio je i ostao Vi­li­jem Gib­son. Nakon serije briljantnih pri­ča: „Džo­ni Mne­mo­nik” (1981), „Ka­ko smo po­pa­li­li Kro­mu” (1982), “Fragmenti ho­lo­gram­ske ru­že” (1984), “Ho­tel ’No­va ru­ža’“ (1984), ob­ja­vio je 1984. g. prevratnič­ki roman “Ne­u­ro­man­ser” ko­ji je zaslužio sve žan­rov­ske na­gra­de te go­di­ne i inaugurisao kiberpank kao relevantan žanrovski pravac. “Ne­u­ro­man­ser” je početni seg­men­ti tri­lo­gi­je “Širenje” koju još čine “Grof  Nu­la” (1986) i “Mo­na­lizin natpo­gon” (1988). Dru­ga tri­lo­gi­ju “Most” či­ne ro­ma­ni “Virtuel­na svetlost” (1993), “Idoru” (1996) i “Sve za­ba­ve sutrašnji­ce” (1999). Trilogiju „Plavi mrav“ čine „Prepoznavanje obrasca“ (2003), „Zemlja aveti“ (2007) i „Nulta istorija“ (2010). Gibson je kao vanredan pisac prepoznat i van okvira žanra a brojne teorije uvažavaju njegova promišljanja virtuelne realnosti. REČ KRITIKE  "Neuromanser“ razvija ikonografiju naznačenu u prvim pričama zaokružujući je u profil bliske budućnosti u kojoj nema ni traga od optimističkih ideja kakve su zagovarali Artur Klark i autori njegove generacije. Svet će, po Gibsonu, postati malo, teskobno mesto u kome niko nema iluzije o svom opstanku u mutnim strujama velikog kapitala za koga je sve na prodaju. Kejs, nekada uspešni jahač matrice, načinio je fatalnu grešku i pokrao svoje poslodavce. Oni ga nisu ubili ali su mu ruskim mikotoksinom unakazili nervni sistem. U potrazi za izlečenjem u ilegalnim klinikama Kejsodlazi u Tokijo; ali, leka nema i on postaje još jedan sitni preprodavac u lavirintima Noćnog grada Ninseija čije je životni vek vrlo kratak. Ipak, Kejs prihvata ponudu tajanstvenog poslodavca, biva izlečen i kreće u vrtoglavu avanturu preko zemaljskog šara i orbitalnih putanja do beskrajnih virtuelnih svetova koji sadrže podatke velikih kompanija ali i sasvim nove entitete veštačke inteligencije.                         Gru­ba „pan­ker­ska“ ose­ćaj­nost, is­kri­vlje­na-gu­bit­nič­ka vi­zu­ra sve­ta prepletena je sa brzim akcijama (Gibsonje, kako tvrdi, na svakoj stranici ostavljao “kuku” koja vuče čitaoca dalje), nesvakidašnjim ide­jama i vanredno uspelim pripovedačkim stilom koji kombinuje novosmišljene kovanice sa ekspresivnim opisima. Gibsonova inventivnost ogleda se i u odustajanju od, za žanr karakteristične, pauze u pripovedanju tokom kojih se daju potrebna objašnjenja o novim pojmovima; Gibson ne zaustavlja priču a objašnjenja daje “usput” (ili ostavlja čitaocima da ih sami smisle). U konačnom iščitavanju “Neuromanser” je, i nakon tri decenije, roman provokativnog sadržaja i izuzetnih umetničkih dometa koji ostaje u temeljima naučne fantastike ali i svekolike literature XX veka.             (“Dnevnik”, 2014)

Priče Burning Chrome (1986, predgovor Brucea Sterlinga), sabrala Gibsonove rane priče, navedene po datumu objavljivanja: "Fragments of a Hologram Rose" (1977, UnEarth 3) "Johnny Mnemonic" (1981, Omni) "The Gernsback Continuum" (1981, Universe II) "Hinterlands" (1981, Omni) "New Rose Hotel" (1981, Omni) "The Belonging Kind", ko-autor John Shirley (1981, Shadows 4) "Burning Chrome" (1982, Omni) "Red Star, Winter Orbit", ko-autor Bruce Sterling (1983,Omni) "The Winter Market" (Nov 1985, Vancouver) "Dogfight", ko-autor M  Movies / Film Two of Gibson's short stories were made into movies, 'Johnny Mnemonic' (1995), directed by Roberto Longo and starring Keanu Reeves and Dina Meyer, and 'New Rose Hotel' (1998), directed by Abel Ferrara and starring Willem Dafoe and Christopher Walken. Another entry here is the William Gibson feature film 'No Maps For These Territories' (2000), recording his travel through America in a multimedia-rigged limousine. Latest information on the pending movie projects of 'Neuromancer' (which still has British music video director Chris Cunningham attached) and 'Count Zero' (formely 'The Zen Differential') can also be found here. ¶ Johnny Mnemonic (1995)   Keanu Reeves is 'Johnny Mnemonic', a space-age courier who's plugged in, turned on and buffed up to deliver the most important data of the 21st century, wet-wired directly into his brain. ¶ New Rose Hotel (1998)   Hosaka espionage specialists aid the dangerous defection of a brilliant Japanese geneticist from Maas. Can they survive deadly intrigue, ruthless executives, and the betrayal of a beautiful, treacherous woman? ¶ William Gibson William Gibson u augustu 2007. Biografske informacije Rođenje 17. mart 1948. (dob: 67) Conway, Južna Karolina Obrazovanje Zanimanje romanopisac Opus 1977– Književni pravac Cyberpunk Književne vrste Science fiction Inspiracija Od Bester,[1] Borges,[2] Burroughs,[3] Cornell,[4]Cronenberg,[5] Delany,[1] Disch,[6] Farber,[7]Hammett,[8] Hawks,[9] Le Guin,[10] Ishii,[11] Pynchon,[2] Reed,[8] Russ,[10] Stone[8] No Maps For These Territories(2000)   On an overcast morning in September 2000, William Gibson walked out of LAX Terminal 2, stepped into a waiting limousine and embarked on a journey. It lasted many days, taking the author across America.  ichael Swanwick (1985, Omni) Adaptations Various adaptations of Gibson's work have been created by other artists, one of the 'Neuromancer' computer game, published by Interplay in 1988 for PC, Apple II, Amiga and C64. The 'Neuromancer' graphic novel was created by Tom de Haven and Bruce Jensen, and covers about a third of the novel. The 'Neuromancer' audio book features a very slightly abridged version of the novel, read by William Gibson himself. Please note that these items are out of print and can mostly be downloaded directly from the site. Also included here are the various merchandise adaptations in the wake of the big-budget 'Johnny Mnemonic' movie, the 'Burning Chrome' stage adaptation and various others. ¶     Neuromancer adaptations     Johnny Mnemonic adaptations Burning Chrome play(1998) Other  Other Works Gibson co-wrote the novel 'The Difference Engine' (1991) with Bruce Sterling. The story takes place in an imagined nineteenth century, where steam-driven analog computers dominate the Victorian society in England. This section also contains up-to-date information on the Gibson's more recent novels. Apart from this, you will find detailed information on the rare poem 'Agrippa', originally published on a self-erasing diskette. Also included here are Gibson's numerous articles for 'Wired' and other magazines, and his scripts for 'Alien 3' and 'Johnny Mnemonic' and 'The X-Files. ¶ Pattern Recognition (2003)   Cayce Pollard consults for the world's hippest ad agency based in London. She falls under the spell of a strange auteur after seeing some fragmentary footage and embarks on a global search for this 'garage Kubrick'. ¶ Spook Country (2007)   Bobby Chombo is a 'producer', and an enigma. In his day job, Bobby is a trouble-shooter for military navigation equipment. He refuses to sleep in the same place twice. He meets no one.  ¶ Zero History (2010)   Global marketing magnate Hubertus Bigend is trying to discover the identity of the designer of a secret brand of clothing called Gabriel Hounds, whom Bigend hopes to enlist in his bid to get into the design, contracting, and manufacture of U.S. military clothing. ¶      The Difference Engine (1991) Agrippa (1992) Short fiction Articles Mo .10.10 Just finished the new novel Zero History and put up some information on it.  ¶ 13.12.09 The Aleph has just turned 10! Yes that's ri Welcome to William Gibson aleph, the essential information collection about contemporary writer William Gibson. In Gibson's novel 'Mona Lisa Overdrive', an aleph is a big chip which can store a huge amount of information. The intention of William Gibson aleph is to collect all available information on William Gibson and his work. For comments, suggestions, and questions write to  Contact. ¶  ght, 10 years ago the site first went online.. incredible! If you're interested check out the Version 1 of the site. ¶ 30.07.09 Gibson has announced on his blog that he won't update it for the time being as he is busy finishing the new novel "Zero History". ¶ S P O O K   C O U N T R Y Sprawl Series William Gibson attained over-night international fame after publishing his debut novel, 'Neuromancer', in 1984. It has won all major science fiction awards and defined a whole new genre of science fiction labeled as 'cyberpunk'. Together with 'Count Zero' (1986) and 'Mona Lisa Overdrive' (1988), the two sequels, these books form the so-called 'Neuromancer' trilogy. The setting of these books is a dark, gritty future where multinational corporations rule the world and computer networks are used for nearly all transactions and communications. This series is called 'Sprawl series' here because the short stories 'Johnny Mnemonic' (1981), 'New Rose Hotel' (1981) and 'Burning Chrome' (1982) take place in the same setting and share some of the characters. ¶ Neuromancer (1984)   Case was the sharpest data thief in the Matrix, until an ex-employer crippled his nervous system. Now a new employer has recruited him for a last-chance run against an unthinkably powerful artificial intelligence. ¶ Count Zero (1986)   The head designer from Maas-Biolabs is defecting to Hosaka. Turner has to deliver him safely, and the biochips he invented - which are of supreme interest to other parties, some of whom are not human. ¶ Bridge Trilogy Gibson's next series of books takes place in a much more tame and probable future and is commonly referred to as the 'Bridge trilogy' because of the important role of the San Francisco Bay Bridge, which has been taken and is inhabited by the homeless. The trilogy consists of 'Virtual Light' (1993), 'Idoru' (1996), and 'All Tomorrow's Parties' (1999). In these stories, Gibson takes on various topics of the present and is very keen on technological advance and its usage. ¶ Virtual Light (1993)   2005. Chevette Washington is a bicycle messenger in San Francisco who impulsively snatches a pair of sunglasses. What you can see through these high-tech specs can make you rich - or get you killed. ¶ Idoru (1996)   Rei Toei is the idoru - the beautiful, entirely virtual media star adored by all Japan. Rez of the band Lo/Rez has declared that he will marry her. True or not, the idoru is surrounded by powerful interests. ¶ All Tomorrow's Parties (1999)   Colin Laney has realized that the disruptions everyone expected to happen at the beginning of the year 2000 are still to come. His sense tells him that the big event will happen in San Francisco. ¶ Mona Lisa Overdrive (1988)   Mona's pimp sells her to a plastic surgeon in New York and she's turned overnight into someone else. The pimp winds up dead. Mona weeps for him. She's a sweet, dumb girl ... so far. ¶ Burning Chrome (1986) F E A T U R E D   I T E M     Gibson's latest novel Zero History was published in September 2010 . It re-introduces characters from the prequel Spook Country, such as Hubertus Bigend and Hollis Henry, on a quest for a secret clo Welcome to William Gibson aleph, the essential information collection about contemporary writer William Gibson. In Gibson's novel 'Mona Lisa Overdrive', an aleph is a big chip which can store a huge amount of information. The intention of William Gibson aleph is to collect all available information on William Gibson and his work. For comments, suggestions, and questions write to  Contact. ¶  thing  brand called Gabriel Hounds. ¶